Egypt A Modern Day Country - 1602 Words

Egyptian civilization has been one to proliferate beginning since primitive times. While Egypt’s civilization rulers, religion, and borders has changed many times over the years, Egypt can still be considered a modern day country. Egypt throughout history has experienced failed attempts at democracy through a series of elections and throughout these failed attempts the military has stepped in on multiple occasions to take a more active role in political endeavors. There are extremely important dates to take note of as Egypt is further discussed where coups resulted in permanent change to meet their needs and further their incumbency. Egypt’s lower middle income status can be accredited to its complete political transition, adopting adopting and revising constitutions, and many other factors. Egypt is a lower middle income country in North Africa in the middle eastern region, with a population of, according to Freedom House (2016), about 89 million. The capital of Egypt is Cairo, there is a GDP/Capita of $3,198.70, and the aggregate score is at 27. It’s Freedom Status is reported as â€Å"Not Free†, with scores ranging from 5-6 (Freedom Rating: 5.5, Political Rights: 6, Civil Liberties: 5). The unemployment rate was recorded at 12.5 percent in mid 2016, which is up from 9 percent before 2011, and is quite a concern, with even higher rates amongst the youth and women. Data indicated the 28 percent of the population lived below the poverty line in 2015, with poverty rates as highShow MoreRelatedAncient Egypt Civilization : Ancient And Modern Egypt968 Words   |  4 Pages Ancient and Modern Egypt There are some countries that have a large civilization, but how many countries have had a successful civilization throughout its existence? What if there is a country that has a civilization from 7000 years ago that has a rich history, various progresses, cultures, governments, customs, and habits? A lot of its heritage still exists until now, Egypt was one of the most wonderful civilizations in human history. Ancient Egyptians lived around the Nile River, where they foundRead MoreIs Egypt Afrocentric?1072 Words   |  5 PagesAncient Egypt’s Afrocentricity Thesis: Due to geographic, cultural, and historic evidence, Egypt is an Afrocentric so studying it should be considered Afrocentric. However, due to social constructs and the colonization of Africa, many wrongly do not consider studying Egypt as Afrocentric. Abstract: Egypt, like all other African countries has an extensive history rich with a unique culture and belief system. Unfortunately, Ancient Egyptian culture and history is buried under a synthesized backdropRead MoreBrief Description Of Key Country Facts1125 Words   |  5 Pagesdescription of key country facts: Egypt is one of the most populated country in the Middle East. It is one of the world’s first nation and carries one of the longest history of the modern world. This country is one of the pillar of modern civilization and was one of the first to develop abilities such as writing, agriculture, organized civilization and so on. Egypt is located in the North East of Africa next to Palestine and the Gaza Strip. It is mostly a desert country. Egypt counts about 88 millionRead MoreModern Day Egypt962 Words   |  4 Pages2011 World History Period 7 Modern Day Egypt Over time Egypt has had many changes including political, intellectual, religious, art, technological, economic, and social. Today, in modern day Egypt, life is very different than it would have been many years ago. In this paper I will discuss the differences of Modern Day Egypt compared to Ancient Egypt, and life in the United States in the current era. These include all the themes of PIRATES. Modern day Egypt s politics is a republic currentlyRead MoreEgyptian Cuisine During The Arab Republic Of Egypt871 Words   |  4 Pages†¢ The unique Egyptian cuisine has been influenced throughout history, particularly by its neighbors from the Middle East. Those contries that have influenced include Persians (modern-day Iraqis), Greeks, Romans (modern-day Italians), Arabs, and Ottomans (from modern-day Turkey) first influenced Egyptian cuisine thousands of years ago. More recently, the foods of other Arabic people in the Middle East such as the Lebanese, Palestinians, Syrians, as well as some foods from Europe, have affected theRead MoreThe Worlds First Nation1020 Words   |  5 PagesEgypt has one of the longest History of all modern countries, it is know as one of the world’s first nation states. Ancient Egypt experienced some of the earliest development of writing, organized religion and central government. Heritage is an integral part of its identity, having to endured various foreign influences, including Greek, Persian, Roman, Arab, Ottoman, and European. With Christianization in the first century of the Common Era, it subsequently shifted towards Islam due to the IslamicRead MoreThe Future Of Signal : Egypt1620 Words   |  7 PagesTHE FUTURE OF SIGNAL 1 THE FUTURE OF SIGNAL IN EGYPT SCCC 009-14 MAJOR HESHAM AHMED 09 Oct 2014 THE FUTURE OF SIGNAL 2 Egypt was and still occupies a distinguished place in terms of geography between Europe and the Far East in the heart of the modern world, but historically it has been her leadership in pace with the development of civilization and for most of the countries around it, especially in the telecommunications and radio filed although it did not to participate in thisRead MoreThe Themes Of The Six Day War1608 Words   |  7 Pages The Six-Day War is a conflict that occurred in 1967, it went on from the 5th of June to the 10th of the same month. The war involved Israel, a newly established State, against the United Arab Republic (Egypt and Syria) and Jordan. After the war won by Israel, the Arab community, especially communities of the countries involved, were devastated by the defeat. Egyptian President Gamal Abdel Nasser who had made many promises to his people, later gave a speech informing them that they had lost the warRead MoreThe Egyptian Culture Of Egypt1316 Words   |  6 Pagesto mummify their pharaohs. Geographical area: Egypt’s official name is â€Å"Arab Republic of Egypt†. The country is considered to be a transcontinental country, since it spans the northeast corner of Africa and southwest corner of Asia, via land bridge. Egypt borders the Gaza Strip, Israel, the Gulf of Aqaba, the Red Sea, Sudan and Libya. With over 90 million inhabitants, Egypt is the most populous country in North Africa and the Arab World. The great majority of people live near the banks of theRead MoreBook Review Making Islam Democratic: Social Movements and the Post-Islamist Turn1082 Words   |  5 PagesPost-Islamist Turn Author: Asef Bayat Book: Making Islam Democratic: Social Movements and the Post-Islamist Turn. Publisher: Stanford: Stanford University Press, 2007. Hardcover: 320 pages ISBN-10: 0804755949 ISBN-13: 978-0804755948 Key-words: democracy, Egypt, Iran, Islam, Middle East, political history, political theology. Reviewed by: Jacob Greenberg hile other disciplines in the social sciences and humanities have made use of comparative methodologies, History has been slow to join the trend. Most historical

Steve Jobs At Stanford Commencement - 1024 Words

Anjal Lamsal Professor Mary Hidalgo English 101 v2 22 October 2017 â€Å"2005 Stanford Commencement† – Steve Jobs According to the speech of Steve Jobs at Stanford Commencement, he presents his opinion and history as evidence. He makes himself to be a person who carries on even in the darkest of times and who has overcome many obstacles when things didn’t look good. The speech begins with his statement of dropping out of college in front of students graduating from the good university. The speech made bigger impacts in the student’s life. Steve jobs has used many types of dialogue in the speech to give the importance of the education. His words in this speech has enlightened the young blood to†¦show more content†¦He promotes with his speech structure. He uses simple structure to make his speech super powerful just like drops of water makes the ocean. As he uses the rule of three to make his speech even better. s there is a beginning, middle and end in the life of the mythic hero. The three stories Jobs tells in his speech are about connecting the dots (how he learned how every action/event in life is connected), love and loss (how he found love and lost things/people close to him), and death (where Jobs discusses his own battle with cancer and the fear of dying). In his first short story to the audience, Jobs’ does a successful job with his rhetorical method. He repeats the phrase â€Å"connecting the dots† during the speech. He mentions that people can only connect those dots of life looking backwards which gives a powerful meaning to the audience. Not only with the starting but he ends his first story by telling that â€Å"you should trust in something to connect dots and make future better. His timing and pace makes his speech so comfortable to the listeners that every word is familiar to the audience and clear in meaning. However, the second story lets the audience to truly measure their success. He brings pathos from the audience in two separate ways. First, he explains about the trouble with his Macintosh. How he got fired form the apple. Which made audience more attractive towards listening to the speech. He connects his speech towards emotions by telling stories of his wife. JobsShow MoreRelatedSteve Jobs Stanford Commencement Speech Analysis1394 Words   |  6 PagesSteve Jobs’ Stanford Commencement Speech: Speak from the Heart A- Speaker and Subject Identification. When technology, innovative and new products subjects is brought up, a few names come to mind. Between these names is that of Steve Jobs, the founder of Pixar Animation, NeXT, and Apple, Steve Jobs, was widely known for changing the world of personal computers and electronic fields. His determination led to significant developments that have affected the lives of everyone of us. There is no denyingRead MoreSteve Jobs Stanford Commencement Address : Inspiring The Next Generation Of Students / Innovators1862 Words   |  8 Pages Steve Jobs’ Stanford Commencement Address: Inspiring the Next Generation of Students/Innovators On June 12, 2005, Steve Jobs delivered a profound and influential speech addressing the commencement of Stanford’s graduating students. Steve Jobs was most known for being the co-founder and CEO of Apple Inc., but was also less known for being founder of neXt and CEO of Pixar Animation throughout certain periods of his life. One of the reasons for observing this speech is primarily because Jobs is arguablyRead MoreI consider Steve Jobs’ commencement speech at Stanford University in 2005 to be one of the most700 Words   |  3 PagesI consider Steve Jobs’ commencement speech at Stanford University in 2005 to be one of the most effective speeches. He uses mechanics of speech to craft a well-rounded speech that is crowned by his use of rhetorical devices. Jobs gives relevant and fundamental knowledge of his life and experiences with his rhetorical approach. In his speech to the Stanford’s graduation class, he tells different stories of love, loss, discovery and difficulty he faced in his life to encourage new graduates as theyRead MoreRhetorical Logos Of Steve Jobs1051 Words   |  5 Pagesshelter, who spent his early years of adulthood in his parent’s garage finding love, a love for doing something thrill-seeking in life. Steve Jobs, is this man, who is now the founder of Apple Inc. and has a net worth of 10.2 billion dollars. Steve Jobs gave a speech at Stanford University on June 12, 2005, providing insight and reassurance to the college graduates. Jobs explains how people have to work towards what they love, and to not settle until they do, for they have little time to find what theyRead MorePersonal Statement : Steve Jobs1119 Words   |  5 PagesCOMM 2113-005 Prof. Jonathan Gutierrez Steve Jobs, born February 24 1955 in the city of San Francisco, was a man well known for his contributions to our technical world. As mentioned during his introduction at the Stanford Commencement Speech in 2005, as an infant Jobs was given up for adoption by his biological parents and was later adopted by a couple known as Clara and Paul Jobs. As a boy, Jobs acquired an interest in electronics as Paul Jobs showed his son how to take apart and reconstructRead MoreRhetorical Analysis Of Steve Jobs Commencement Speech929 Words   |  4 PagesHarmon 1 A Rhetorical Analysis of Steve Jobs Commencement Speech for Stanford Universitys Graduating Class of 2005: Jobs titled his speech Youve got to find what you love. Steve Jobs is best known as an American entrepreneur, inventor and industrial designer. He was the cofounder, chairman and CEO of Apple Inc. and founder, CEO and chairman of Pixar Animation Studios. Jobs and cofounder of Apple Inc. Steve Wozniak are wildly recognized as pioneers of the microcomputer revolution of the 1970sRead MoreRhetorical Analysis Of Steve Jobs Speech735 Words   |  3 Pages Steve Jobs, a businessman in Silicon Valley, gave the Stanford Commencement Address in 2005. Rhetorical tools are used to persuade the audience. Ethos deals with the speakers credibility, Pathos appeals to emotion and Logos appeals to logic. Steve Jobs’ successfully used the rhetorical tools Ethos, Pathos, and Logos throughout his speech. Within Steve Jobs’ Commencement Address, the rhetorical tool Ethos is used. Jobs began by saying, â€Å"I never graduated from college. Truth be told, this is theRead MoreSteve Jobs Speech Draft : Steve Job944 Words   |  4 PagesSteve Jobs Speech Draft Steve Job’s was one of the most successful men in the world. He accomplished many things in his life before he lost his bout with cancer. Jobs, ironically himself a college dropout, presented the 2005 commencement speech at Stanford University that was both inspiring and gave people a look into how he became the man that he was. I believe Steve Jobs speech is somewhat awkward due to his audience, utilizes the art of storytelling to engage his audience, and utilizes hisRead MoreSteve Jobs Speech: A Summary1193 Words   |  5 PagesSteve Jobs Speech . Summarize the content/ message of the speech. Steve Jobs chooses to present his commencement speech at Stanford in 2005 with an unpretentious, humble tone stating this is the closest he has ever gotten to his actual college graduation. This tone of unpretention and humility makes it clear the speech will not be filled with hyperbole or when I was your age platitudes. Instead the humor and humility and set the foundation for a blatantly honest journey through his life andRead MoreSteve Jobs Stanford University Speech Analysis1591 Words   |  7 PagesMarianna Henud Cresci UBIS University ! SPEECH ANALYSIS 2 Abstract: This paper responds to two questions presented by professor Philippe Laurent of Organisational Communication course related to the weekly learning material and analyses Steve Job’s speech at Stanford University. ! SPEECH ANALYSIS 3 1. As a listener, what are the biggest clues you have that a speaker has not taken the time to adapt the presentation so it is appropriate for a particular situation? Think of examples of speeches you

Alice B. Gomme and “The Traditional Games of England, Scotland, and Ireland” Free Essays

It is always valuable to explore the life and works of a pioneer in the literary field. This is for the reason that aside from his or her distinct and colorful existence, it is the originality and significance of a trademark literary work that imparted or provided the public with important principle and practices. This reality was what renowned British folklorist Alice Bertha Gomme or simply Lady Gomme exemplified to her readers and the public of the late nineteenth to early twentieth centuries. We will write a custom essay sample on Alice B. Gomme and â€Å"The Traditional Games of England, Scotland, and Ireland† or any similar topic only for you Order Now A study of her life revealed her remarkable contribution in the genre of folklore which, in turn, created an important influence on the lives of the children. Particularly for her work â€Å"The Traditional Games of England, Scotland, and Ireland,† Gomme exuded the authority and gained the respect of her readers. It is therefore worthy to state that a research and presentation on Alice B. Gomme and her most famous work, relevant life realities particularly concerning children are conveyed. Through Children’s Games and Songs A presentation about British folklorist Alice B. Gomme showed how she was fond of children and their activities. This is the reason why children influenced and became the center of her materials in Gomme’s literary works. The focused was evident through her most acclaimed folklore â€Å"The Traditional Games of England, Scotland and Ireland. † Beyond the nature and circumstances of children in Gomme’s folklores, her literary works best signified the kind of personality that she shared with her readers. That is, the works of Alice B. Gomme, although traditional and controlled, clearly showed how she has lived and worked in a focused way (â€Å"A Proper Limitation,† 2001). As per the Musical Traditions Web Services’ (2001) description of Gomme’s life and analysis of her works, â€Å"her sweetly pretty children’s games and quaint old stories she was a proper Victorian lade in all senses of the word† (â€Å"A Proper Limitation,† 2001). Through a helpful scholarship, the supposed stereotyping concerning Gomme herself and the seemingly labeling of her folklores were removed. In doing so, the range and intensity of her materials proved how she was worthy of her gotten and apparently striking achievements (â€Å"A Proper Limitation,† 2001). As the founder or pioneer and staunch advocate of the â€Å"Folk-Lore Society† and the â€Å"English Folk Cookery Association,† Gomme was obviously inventive in many disciplines of folklore. As such, it turned out that through children’s games and songs, Gomme showed her potential and created understandable famous books but did not compromise their academic aspect and essence. In short, Gomme took into consideration that youthful life quality of children through the effective creation of children’s games and songs. The effort ultimately paved the way for the creation of meaningful and useful children-related materials that best suited the early stages of life of people (â€Å"A Proper Limitation,† 2001). The Traditional Games of England, Scotland and Ireland The material that best described the caliber of Gomme was the two-volume â€Å"The Traditional Games of England, Scotland and Ireland† which was provided to the public on 1894 and 1898. These alphabetically-arranged lists of British games were the famous materials, specifically the games children normally play and even continue to play nowadays on Holidays and special events (Gomme, 1894 Gomme, 1898). It became apparent that mostly on the list signified singing, vocalization, hands clapping as well as music-related content that evidently contributed as the foundation of a number of British conventional tunes and songs. Beyond these facts however, Gomme’s â€Å"Traditional Games of England, Scotland and Ireland† became notable because although it was made more than a century ago, many of the games created by Gomme and included in the said work remained to influence today’s setting concerning how children play and carry songs (Gomme, 1894 Gomme, 1898). Each volume of the Gomme masterpiece contained 500 pages entries of songs and games such as the â€Å"Accroshay† up to â€Å"Nuts in May† as well as the â€Å"Oats and Beans† up to â€Å"Would You Know† (Gomme, 1894 Gomme, 1898). The said folklore manifested the standard kinds of games and songs in the British Isles. As such, these included the natures, categories and features of English games and songs with their rules or guidelines which were arranged in a dictionary-like form based on the most oftentimes used songs and played games complete with all the activities concerned (Dorson, 1982). Additionally, the famous and very enjoyable folklore showed different characteristics and notes documents as well as varied rules that varied according to the quality of the songs and games, respectively. Now, after more than 100 years of existence, Gomme’s â€Å"The Traditional Games in England, Scotland and Ireland† definitely survived and that the significance of the games and songs and most importantly, their implications to children and even those young at hearts are the things that happened and stood through time (Dorson, 1982). It was likewise notable that through the melodies, singing-rhymes and processes of carrying-out the games; the collected songs and plays turned out to be of real importance not only to the author but most especially to her public. This is because the folklore aimed and eventually succeeded in presenting what relevant proof is to be obtained from separate research of the â€Å"Traditional Games of England† (Gomme, 1894 Gomme, 1898). Gomme as the famous Song-catcher The conventionality of Gomme’s â€Å"The Traditional Games of England, Scotland and Ireland† did not hinder it from emerging as one of the best material of within its period. I fact, the attributes of the said traditional literary created a field of education and the entire subject matter for such discipline in general. Relatively, the folklore and folk life in Gomme’s work became the basis in studying and relating the material in today’s contemporary setting. These very obvious features made Gomme as an undeniable song catcher. As the term itself indicates, the song-maker and game-founder in Gomme allowed her to efficiently grab the attention, interest and conduct of people particularly children. â€Å"The Traditional Games of England, Scotland and Ireland† is an existing evidence of the power of folklore in the lives of people. Specifically for children, the Gomme material became their guide and inspiration in satisfying their childhood necessities and inclinations. Hence, this condition proved how Gomme and her folklore, with all its songs and plays, captured the hearts and imaginations of children. Conclusion It is undisputedly worthy to study and be inspired by Gomme and her â€Å"The Traditional Games of England, Scotland and Ireland. † The fact that the author and her pioneering work were able to seize the likes of children is a concrete proof of how the power of such literary genre successfully influenced her readers in their youthfulness. Ultimately, Gomme and her materials of songs and games grabbed the world of the children and this was a considerable factor in regarding the innovative folklorist worthy of her stature. References Dorson, R. M. (1982). Folklore and Folk life: An Introduction. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press. Gomme, A. B. (1894 1898). The Traditional Games of England, Scotland and Ireland (Vols. 1 2). London: Nutt. Musical Traditions Web Services. (2001). A Proper Limitation: Stereotypes of Alice Gomme. Retrieved June 16, 2009, from http://www. mustrad. org. uk/articles/gomme. htm How to cite Alice B. Gomme and â€Å"The Traditional Games of England, Scotland, and Ireland†, Papers

Animal Farm Communism Through The Eyes Of George Essay Example For Students

Animal Farm: Communism Through The Eyes Of George Essay OrwellAnimal Farm: Communism Through The Eyes of George OrwellThroughout history, writers have written about many different subjectsbased on their personal experiences. George Orwell was the pen name of EricBlair. He is one of the most famous political satirists of the twentiethcentury. He was born in Bengal, India in 1903 to an English Civil Servant anddied in 1950. He attended Eton from 1917 to 1921, and served with the IndianImperial Police in Burma from 1922 to 1927 before moving to Europe.Two of hismost famous books, Animal Farm, written in 1946, and Nineteen Eighty-Four,written in 1949, were written about the political and social environmentsurrounding his life. The driving force behind his two satires is an intenserevulsion against totalitarianism, combined with an even stronger revulsionagainst its defenders among left-wing intellectuals.1 In most of GeorgeOrwells books and essays, there is a strong autobiographical element due to thefact that he spent many years living with Communists in northern Great Britain(a small number of people started to follow Communism in northern Great Britainwhen it started in Russia). George Orwells writing was affected greatly by hispersonal beliefs about Socialism, Communism, Fascism, and Totalitarianism, andby the revolts, wars, and revolutions going on in Europe and Russia at the timeof his writings. George Orwell was a Socialist2 himself, and he despised RussianCommunism3, and what it stood for. Orwell shows this hatred towards CommunistRussia in a letter he wrote to Victor Gollancz saying, For quite fifteen yearsI have regarded that regime with plain horror.4 Orwell wrote this letter in1947, ten years after announcing his dislike of Communism. However, he hadthought a great deal about Communism and what he disliked about if for a longtime before he announced it to the public. Orwell did not expect anything goodfrom the Communist5 and therefore Communism personally did not affect him, butHe was concerned with it (Communism) only because it was a problem forothers.6In Animal Farm, an animal fable satirizing Communism,7 Orwell usesfarm animals in England to satirize Russian Communism and its leaders. Oneanimal he uses is a pig named Napoleon, whose counterpart in the RussianRevolution is Joseph Stalin. After Napoleon takes charge of the farm, heassumes the role of a dictator that benefits himself much like Stalin did. During Stalins reign, 1929-1953, he used terror to enforce his laws, andallowed no one to oppose his decisions. If someone did oppose him, he wouldpunish him or her harshly. In Animal Farm, Napoleon also uses violent force toenforce his laws. Napoleon showed this force when he called upon them toconfess their crimes.When they had finished their confession, the dogspromptly tore their throats out, and in a terrible voice Napoleon demandedwhether any other animal had anything to confess.8 This violent force thatJoseph Stalin used to enforce his laws is one of the main reasons that Orwelldisagreed with the main principles behind Communism and its leaders. Another comparison that Orwell makes between Napoleon and Stalin is thechanging of history to benefit themselves. In Animal Farm, Napoleon oftenchanges history to make himself look better. Even though Snowball, the otherpig that was in charge with Napoleon, was the true hero in the Battle of theCowshed,9 Napoleon makes himself out to be the hero. Squealer, one of Napoleons top pigs in command, says,Do you not remember how, just at the moment whenJones and his men had got inside the yard, Snowball suddenly turned andfledthat it was just at that moment when panic was spreading and all seemedlost, that Comrade Napoleon sprang forward with a cry of Death to Humanity!10Just as Squealer retold the event to Napoleons benefit,the same thing can besaid about Stalin. After he became dictator of the Soviet Union, he hadhistory books rewritten to say that he had led the revolution with Lenin.11This however is not the truth. In reality, it was Leon Trotsky who led therevolution with Lenin. This i s just one of the many comparisons that Orwellmakes between Stalin and Napoleon. Stalin was what Orwell and people who wereagainst Communism feared the most; a ruler who rules only for his own power. Orwell uses another pig named Snowball to symbolize the part that Leninplayed in the Russian Revolution. Lenin was the founder of the Communist Partyin Russia and set up the first Communist dictatorship in the world. Leninsgoals were the destruction of free enterprise (privately owned and controlledbusiness) and the creation of a classless society ( a society without groups ofrich or poor people).12 These were the general goals of Snowball also. Leninand Snowball shared one major goal in common and that was to industrialize thesocieties that they controlled and lived in. Right before Lenin died, heintroduced a new economic policy and aimed to improve industrial skills andeducation.13 In comparison, Snowball was the mastermind behind the windmill inAnimal Farm. The purpose of the windmill that Snowball was designing was to dotheir work for them while they grazed at their ease in the fields or improvedtheir minds with reading and conversation.14 As one might see these plans arealmost i dentical. Both call for a more productive working environment in whichthe people of the working class will also gain knowledge. Laws And Ethics Entrepreneurship EssayIt is easy to see how the political and social climate of the timeinfluenced George Orwells writings. This is evident in Animal Farm andNineteen Eighty-Four, where he shows his dislike of Communism. As the RussianCommunists grew stronger Orwells dislike for them grew equally as strong. Hiswritings contained warnings to the people of England and the world not to bemisguided by Communism. These two novels were among the first to show the truebrutality of the Communist party and helped to open the eyes of the Americanpeople to the dangers of Communism, that all-pervasive and controlling state,and to rulers who wish to maintain power as much for its sake as for their ownadvantage.26END NOTES1-Miriam Gross, The World of George Orwell (New York, NY:Simon and Schuster,1971) pg.1362-socialism-a theory or system of Social organization by which the major meansof production and distribution are owned, managed, or controlled by thegovernment, associations of workers, or by the community as a whole3-communism-a system in which most or all property is owned by the state and issupposed to be shared by all. Communism comes from a philosophy based on thewritings of Karl Marx and Friedrich Engles, who together wrote the Manifesto ofthe Communist Party4-Miriam Gross, The World of George Orwell (New York, NY:Simon and Schuster,1971) pg.1205-Richard J. Voorhees, The Paradox of George Orwell (New York, NY:PurdueResearch Foundation, 1961) pg.226-Miriam Gross, The World of George Orwell (New York, NY:Simon and Schuster,1971) pg.1197-Frank W. Wadsworth, Orwell, George, World Book Encyclopedia, 1988 ed.,pg.8668-George Orwell, Animal Farm (New York, NY:Harcourt Brace Jovanavich, Inc.,1946)pg.82-839-The Battle of the Cowshed was a battle that took place between the Animals ofAnimal Farm and the humans who were attacking. This battle represents theinvasion of German forces into the western part of the newly formed U.S.S.R. 10-George Orwell, Animal Farm (New York, NY:Harcourt Brace Jovanavich,Inc.,1946) pg.8011-Stalin, Joseph, World Book Encyclopedia, 1988 ed., pg.82612-Lenin, V.I., World Book Encyclopedia, 1988 ed., pg.19113-Ibid14-George Orwell, Animal Farm (New York, NY:Harcourt Brace Jovanavich,Inc.,1946) pg.5415-Ibid, pg.1516-Ibid, pg.1917-Alfred G. Meyer, Marx, Karl, World Book Encyclopedia, 1988 ed., pg.23718-Ibid19-Miriam Gross, The World of George Orwell (New York, NY:Simon and Schuster,1971) pg.13620-The Party represents the Communist party in Russia. It has a totaldictatorship over Oceania, post war England in the novel. They use the sameviolent force that the Communist used to enforce their laws, and almosteverything else is the same as the Communist party. 21-Gilbert Borman, Cliffs Notes of Orwells Nineteen Eighty-Four (Lincoln,Nebraska: Cliffs Notes Inc.,1984) pg.2322-George Orwell, Nineteen Eighty-Four (New York, NY: Harcourt Brace Jovanaich,Inc., 1949) pg.523-Edward W. Lempinen, S.F. Police Copters Turbulent Return, San FranciscoChronicle 22 March 1996, sec A:1 A:1524-Stalin, Joseph, World Book Encyclopedia, 1988 ed., pg.82725-Ibid26-Peter Stansky, On Nineteen Eighty-Four (San Francisco, California: W.H. Freeman and Company, 1983) pg.25BIBLIOGRAPHYAllen, David L. and Thompson, Frank H. Cliffs Notes on Orwells Animal Farm. Lincoln Nebraska:Cliffs Notes Inc., 1981Borman, Gilbert. Cliffs Notes on Orwells Nineteen Eighty-Four. Lincoln,Nebraska: Cliffs Notes Inc., 1984Crick, Bernard. George Orwell The First Complete Biography. Boston,Massachusetts: Little, Brown and Company, 1980Gross, Miriam. The World of George Orwell. New York, NY: Simon and Schuster,1971Lempinen, Edward W. S.F. Police Copters Turbulent Return San FranciscoChronicle 22 March 1996, sec A:1 A:15Lewis, C.S. Twentieth-Century Literary Criticism. Detroit, Michigan: GaleResearch Company,1979Meyer, Alfred G. Marx, Karl. World Book Encyclopedia.1988 ed. Orwell, George. Nineteen Eighty-Four. New York, NY: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich,Inc., 1949Orwell, George. Animal Farm. New York, NY: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, Inc., 1946Stansky, Peter and Abraham, William. Orwell: The Transformation. New York, NY:Alfred A. Knopf, Inc., 1979Stansky,Peter. On Nineteen Eighty-Four. San Francisco, California: W.H. Freemanand Company, 1983Wadsworth, Frank W. Orwell, George World Book Encyclopedia. 1988 ed. Woodcock, George. The Crystal Spirit a study of George Orwell. Boston,Massachusetts: Little, Brown and Company,1966Voorhees, Richard J. The Paradox of George Orwell. New York, NY: Purdue ResearchFoundation,1961Stalin, Joseph. World Book Encyclopedia. 1988 ed. Lenin, V.I. World Book Encyclopedia. 1988 ed.